• WHAT IS AN ENZYME?
Enzymes are proteins which acts as biological catalyst, which play vital role in function of cell and activities of living organisms.
All enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes.
The maximum activity of enzymes works best within 35° C and 45°C.
Enzymes are practically inactive at 0°C and get denatured at 65°C.
Enzymes are soluble in water and dilute alcohols and precipitate out in concentrated alcohols.
PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES:
1. Enzymes catalyse only a specific range of reactions and in many cases only one reaction is catalysed by an enzyme.
2. Enzymes are exceptionally versatile catalysts, they effectively catalyse hydrolytic reactions, dehydrations, oxidations, reductions,etc.
3. Exceedingly efficient under optimal conditions, reactions speeds up to 8-10 times.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES:
Enzymes are classified on the basis of activity and site of action.
• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ACTIVITY:
1. HYDROLASE: Catalysis hydrolysis reactions in the body.
2.TRANSFARASE: Transfer of chemical group form one molecule to other molecule.
3.OXIDO-REDUCTASE: Catalyses the oxidation and reduction reactions in the body.
4.LYSES: Addition of groups to double bonds or vice-versa.
5. ISOMERASE: Responsible for intramolecular rearrangements.
6.SYNTHETASES: Catalyses condensation of 2 molecules coupled with change of pyrophosphate bond or ATP or any other triphosphates.
•CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SITE OF ACTION:
1.ENDOENZYMES: Inside the cell or intracellular enzymes. They involve synthesis of cell components, food reserves and bioenergetics.
Example: Isomerase,lyses
2.EXOENZYMES: Outside the cell or extracellular enzymes. Mainly involved in digestive functions.
Example: Pepsin,peptone
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